![]() 7 There is also a sizeable body of literature documenting Limited education has been found to be a risk factor for dementia. Moreover, sustained engagement in cognitively stimulatingĪctivities has been found to impact neural structure in both older humans Is an important predictor of enhancement and maintenance of cognitive functioning,Įven in old age. Research from both human and animal studies indicates that neural plasticityĮndures across the lifespan, and that cognitive stimulation in the environment Intellectual stimulation on incident dementia. Independence and dignity of the aging population.Ī growing body of research supports the protective effects of late-life Interventions designed to delay or prevent the need for nursing homes, homeĬare, and hospital stays can save health care costs, while also ensuring the Have short- or long-term effects on activities related to living independently. Life, few studies have addressed whether improving cognitive functions might There is substantial evidence that many cognitive abilities and processesĪre related to measures of functional status, need for care, and quality of Nearly half of community-dwelling persons aged 60 years and older expressĬoncern about declining mental abilities. To observe training effects on everyday function. Because of minimalįunctional decline across all groups, longer follow-up is likely required Persons without dementia over 7- to 14-year intervals. Were of a magnitude equivalent to the amount of decline expected in elderly Interventions in improving targeted cognitive abilities. No training effects on everyday functioning wereĬonclusions Results support the effectiveness and durability of the cognitive training ![]() No booster, 49%), which were maintained at 2-year follow-up ( P<.001 for both). Interventions (speed booster, 92% no booster, 68% reasoning booster, 72% Booster training enhanced training gains in speed Participants demonstrated reliable cognitive improvement immediately after Eighty-seven percent of speed-, 74% of reasoning-, and 26% of memory-trained With baseline, durable to 2 years ( P<.001 forĪll). Each intervention improved the targeted cognitive ability compared Results Thirty participants were incorrectly randomized and were excluded from Main Outcome Measures Cognitive function and cognitively demanding everyday functioning. For the 3 treatment groups, 4-session booster training was offered (visual search and identification n = 712) or a no-contact control group To solve problems that follow a serial pattern n = 705), or speed of processing Training for memory (verbal episodic memory n = 711), or reasoning (ability Interventions Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: 10-session group Senior housing, community centers, and hospital/clinics in 6 metropolitan ![]() Setting and Participants Volunteer sample of 2832 persons aged 65 to 94 years recruited from Objective To evaluate whether 3 cognitive training interventions improve mentalĪbilities and daily functioning in older, independent-living adults.ĭesign Randomized, controlled, single-blind trial with recruitment conductedįrom March 1998 to October 1999 and 2-year follow-up through December 2001. However, few studies have addressed whether improving cognitiveįunctions might have short- or long-term effects on activities related to Order of authorship on this article is alphabetical by author by vote of the ACTIVE Steering Committee.Ĭontext Cognitive function in older adults is related to independent livingĪnd need for care. Shared Decision Making and CommunicationĪuthor Affiliations: Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (Dr Ball) National Institute on Aging (Dr Berch), National Institute of Nursing Research (Drs Helmers and Leveck), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (Dr Jobe), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md Institute on Aging and Departments of Health Policy and Epidemiology and Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville (Dr Marsiske) Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for the Aged, Roslindale, Mass (Dr Morris) Department of Mental Hygiene, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (Dr Rebok) Department of Medicine (Dr Smith) and Department of Psychiatry (Dr Unverzagt), Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington New England Research Institutes, Watertown, Mass (Dr Tennstedt) and Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park (Dr Willis).Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.
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